Strangers in Paradigms!? Alternativen zu paradigmengebundener Methodologie und methodologischem Konfessionalismus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-24.1.4015Schlagworte:
qualitative Methoden, quantitative Methoden, Mixed Methods, Paradigmen, Paradigmenkriege, EpistemologieAbstract
In unserem Beitrag diskutieren und kritisieren wir eine Idee, deren Geltung in methodologischen Diskursen über Mixed Methods oft als selbstverständlich unterstellt wird, nämlich dass Sozialforscher*innen im Allgemeinen und insbesondere dann, wenn sie Mixed Methods einsetzen, ein spezifisches erkenntnistheoretisches Paradigma (eine Menge von Aussagen, die als a priori gegeben zu akzeptieren sind) zu übernehmen hätten, bevor sie sinnvoll Forschung treiben können. Anhand der Untersuchung verschiedener Versionen dieses Modells einer paradigmengebundenen Methodologie, die Yvonna LINCOLN und EGON Guba in den 1980er und 1990er Jahren entwickelt hatten, möchten wir Implikationen des Begriffs Paradigma diskutieren und zeigen, dass etliche der als Grundlage für Forschung vorgeschlagenen Paradigmen (bspw. Positivismus und Konstruktivismus) unklar definiert, inkohärent und nur oberflächlich mit zeitgenössischen erkenntnistheoretischen Debatten verbunden sind. Als eine Alternative zur paradigmengebundenen Methodologie schlagen wir vor, dass Forschende Methoden in erkenntnistheoretisch informierter Weise nutzen, indem sie erkenntnistheoretische Konzepte nicht als unveränderbare Gegebenheiten betrachten, sondern vielmehr als heuristische Werkzeuge einsetzen, mit deren Hilfe methodologische Probleme identifiziert und gelöst werden können. Wir veranschaulichen unseren Ansatz mithilfe von Daten aus einer eigenen Mixed-Methods-Studie, bei der wir gleichzeitig auf realistische und konstruktivistische Annahmen zurückgegriffen haben, um widersprüchliche statistische Befunde einzuordnen und zu verstehen.
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