Historische Ethnografie: Schlüsselmerkmale und die Reise vor, während und nach Verlassen des archivarischen Feldes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-25.2.4106Schlagworte:
historische Ethnografie, Archive, Indexierung, zeitliche Codes, Abduktion, DeduktionAbstract
Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die oft übersehene Strategie der historischen Ethnografie zu erläutern. Ich stütze mich dabei auf die vorliegende Literatur und erzähle von meinen Recherchen im Archiv des Hohen Flüchtlingskommissars der Vereinten Nationen. Ich gehe in zwei Schritten vor. Zunächst gebe ich einen Überblick über die historische Ethnografie, indem ich die wichtigsten Werke bespreche und mich dabei vor allem auf ihre besonderen Merkmale konzentriere: die historische Reichweite und den Rückgriff auf ein breites Spektrum an Materialien. Außerdem stelle ich die Debatte um Induktion und Deduktion vor, um die Rolle von Theorie zu erörtern. Anschließend folgen Überlegungen zu den verschiedenen Forschungsphasen vor, während und nach Verlassen des archivarischen Feldes: Das Eintauchen in den Gegenstand vor der eigentlichen empirischen Untersuchung öffnet den Weg zu den Archiven und zu einer sinnvollen Datenerhebung. Die fortlaufende Bewegung zwischen Datenerhebung und -analyse wiederum wird nicht durch Zufall, sondern durch fundierte Entscheidungen vorangetrieben. In Anerkennung der interpretativen Denkweise, die mit ethnografischem Denken verbunden ist, stelle ich schließlich Indexierung und zeitliche Kodierung als hilfreiche Strategien zur Organisation eines großen Korpus historischer Daten vor.
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